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	<title>Discrete Action</title>
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	<description>The life and times of Dr. Broad</description>
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		<title>Discrete Action</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com</link>
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		<item>
		<title>Emily and Me</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2011/01/13/emily-and-me/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2011/01/13/emily-and-me/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 13 Jan 2011 21:42:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sbroad.wordpress.com/?p=161</guid>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/photo-10.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-162" title="Emily and Me" src="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/photo-10.jpg?w=500&#038;h=375" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steven</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Emily and Me</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Make your own bifurcation diagram of the logistic map</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2011/01/11/make-your-own-bifurcation-diagram-of-the-logistic-map/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2011/01/11/make-your-own-bifurcation-diagram-of-the-logistic-map/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 11 Jan 2011 23:39:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sbroad.wordpress.com/?p=155</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I made this image with a javascript-based app. Basically I ran the app three times. 1. N=10000, n=8, x0=0.2, r=0:0.05:3 2. N=10000, n=8, x0=0.2, r=3.02:0.02:3.54 3. N=20000, n=200, x=0.2, r=3.55:0.01:4 The last run is a bit long and may tell &#8230; <a href="http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2011/01/11/make-your-own-bifurcation-diagram-of-the-logistic-map/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=155&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_156" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 417px"><a href="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/bifplot.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-156" title="bifplot" src="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/bifplot.png?w=500" alt=""   /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Coarse logistic map bifurcation diagram</p></div>
<p>I made this image with a javascript-based <a href="http://sites.saintmarys.edu/~sbroad/logistic-bifurcation.html" target="_blank">app</a>. Basically I ran the app three times.<br />
1. N=10000, n=8, x0=0.2, r=0:0.05:3<br />
2. N=10000, n=8, x0=0.2, r=3.02:0.02:3.54<br />
3. N=20000, n=200, x=0.2, r=3.55:0.01:4<br />
The last run is a bit long and may tell you that a script is not responding. Just let it finish.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steven</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">bifplot</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Notre Dame AMS Sectional Meeting</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/notre-dame-ams-sectional-meeting/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/notre-dame-ams-sectional-meeting/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Nov 2010 14:38:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[This weekend is the AMS Sectional Meeting at Notre Dame. We are organizing a special session titled &#8220;Undergraduate Mathematics Education: A Vision for the 21st Century.&#8221; I am very much looking forward to this forum for discussing how the changing &#8230; <a href="http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/notre-dame-ams-sectional-meeting/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=144&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This weekend is the AMS Sectional Meeting at Notre Dame.  We are organizing a special session titled &#8220;Undergraduate Mathematics Education: A Vision for the 21st Century.&#8221;  I am very much looking forward to this forum for discussing how the changing social context will affect students, faculty, mathematics and society.  I&#8217;ll be talking on Saturday morning in this session.  On Friday afternoon, I&#8217;ll give a talk in the applications of differential geometry special session.  It should be a profitable weekend.</p>
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		<title>Fall Break 2010</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/10/20/fall-break-2010/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/10/20/fall-break-2010/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Oct 2010 06:25:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[A long weekend in New England with the family added some serenity to the mid-semester.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=147&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/20101019-102348.jpg?w=500" alt=""   class="alignnone size-full" /><br />
A long weekend in New England with the family added some serenity to the mid-semester.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steven</media:title>
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		<title>RET @ ND 2010</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/08/14/ret-nd-2010/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Aug 2010 14:17:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/08/14/ret-nd-2010/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The RET math program at Notre Dame finished on July 30, with the presentation of several projects at the RET Symposium. The topic for summer in mathematics was Dynamical Systems and MATLAB. Projects included Polygonal Billiards, Coupled Difference Equations, Image &#8230; <a href="http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/08/14/ret-nd-2010/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=145&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The RET math program at Notre Dame finished on July 30, with the presentation of several projects at the RET Symposium.  The topic for summer in mathematics was Dynamical Systems and MATLAB.  Projects included Polygonal Billiards, Coupled Difference Equations, Image Processing for Puzzle Solving, Random Walks with Random Velocity, and Game Simulation.</p>
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		<title>Cobweb diagram for the logistic equation</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/02/14/cobweb-diagram-for-the-logistic-equation/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/02/14/cobweb-diagram-for-the-logistic-equation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Feb 2010 16:18:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sbroad.wordpress.com/?p=121</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The discrete logistic equation is given by the difference equation .  It is easy to see that under ordinary assumptions, the logistic equation has a fixed point at .  However, depending on the initial condition and the value of , &#8230; <a href="http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/02/14/cobweb-diagram-for-the-logistic-equation/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=121&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_123" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a href="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/cobweb1.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-123" title="Cobweb" src="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/cobweb1.png?w=500&#038;h=492" alt="" width="500" height="492" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Cobweb diagram for the logistic equation with r=3.9</p></div>
<p>The discrete logistic equation is given by the difference equation <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x_%7Bn%2B1%7D%3Drx_n%281-x_n%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=333333&amp;s=0' alt='x_{n+1}=rx_n(1-x_n)' title='x_{n+1}=rx_n(1-x_n)' class='latex' />.  It is easy to see that under ordinary assumptions, the logistic equation has a fixed point at <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cdisplaystyle%7Bx%3D%5Cfrac%7Br-1%7D%7Br%7D%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=333333&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;displaystyle{x=&#92;frac{r-1}{r}}' title='&#92;displaystyle{x=&#92;frac{r-1}{r}}' class='latex' />.  However, depending on the initial condition <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x_0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=333333&amp;s=0' alt='x_0' title='x_0' class='latex' /> and the value of <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=333333&amp;s=0' alt='r' title='r' class='latex' />, a number of different types of behaviors are possible.  The fixed point may be attractive (meaning that applying the logistic equation over and over pulls successive <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=333333&amp;s=0' alt='x' title='x' class='latex' /> values closer to it) or repulsive (once the x value gets close to the fixed point, it is pushed away), or iterations of the logistic equations may orbit the fixed point retracing its steps in a periodic orbit.</p>
<p>Here is a <a href="http://sites.saintmarys.edu/~sbroad/example-logistic-cobweb.html">link</a> (http://http://sites.saintmarys.edu/~sbroad/example-logistic-cobweb.html) to a javascript implementation of a cobweb diagram for the logistic equation.  This diagram is generated based on the user&#8217;s choice of initial condition, parameter, and number of iterations.  The <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=333333&amp;s=0' alt='x' title='x' class='latex' /> coordinate of the point of intersection between the parabola and the line is the fixed point of the logistic equation.  The diagram allows the user to see how much the behavior of the logistic equation is affected by the choice of the parameter.  It also shows the sensitive dependence on initial conditions for certain values of <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=333333&amp;s=0' alt='r' title='r' class='latex' /> which are a hallmark of a chaotic dynamical system.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steven</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Cobweb</media:title>
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		<title>Lorenz Attractor and Runge-Kutta</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/01/28/lorenz-attractor-and-runge-kutta/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/01/28/lorenz-attractor-and-runge-kutta/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Jan 2010 05:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/01/28/lorenz-attractor-and-runge-kutta/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We will talk about the Runge-Kutta method for numerically solving differential equations. Click the link http://sites.saintmarys.edu/~sbroad/example-runge-kutta.html for a Javascript Runge-Kutta solution example, where you can see how accuracy is affected by decreasing the step size.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=118&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 460px"><img title="Lorenz Attractor" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Lorenz_attractor.svg" alt="A picture of the Lorenz &quot;butterfly&quot; attractor" width="450" height="450" /><p class="wp-caption-text">A picture of the Lorenz attractor with sigma=10, rho=28, beta=8/3</p></div>
<p>We will talk about the Runge-Kutta method for numerically solving differential equations.  Click the link <a href="http://sites.saintmarys.edu/~sbroad/example-runge-kutta.html" target="_blank">http://sites.saintmarys.edu/~sbroad/example-runge-kutta.html</a> for a Javascript Runge-Kutta solution example, where you can see how accuracy is affected by decreasing the step size.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steven</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Lorenz Attractor</media:title>
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		<title>Happy New Year!</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/01/03/happy-new-year/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/01/03/happy-new-year/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jan 2010 15:57:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sbroad.wordpress.com/?p=92</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s 2010!  I have always preferred even numbered years to odd numbered.  Despite some technical difficulties, the new year is starting well and we had a very pleasant  trip to Houston for Christmas.  It&#8217;s amazing how warm 55 degrees can &#8230; <a href="http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2010/01/03/happy-new-year/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=92&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s 2010!  I have always preferred even numbered years to odd numbered.  Despite some technical difficulties, the new year is starting well and we had a very pleasant  trip to Houston for Christmas.  It&#8217;s amazing how warm 55 degrees can feel after acclimating to 15.  We even spent a day at <a href="http://www.seaworld.com/sanantonio/" target="_blank">Sea World in San Antonio</a> where the temperature was in the mid 70s.</p>
<p>Also, I recently learned that I am the recipient of a <a href="http://www.cies.org/us_scholars/us_awards/" target="_blank">Fulbright</a> grant to visit the <a href="http://www.usp.br" target="_blank">University of Sao Paulo</a> where my friend <a href="http://www.ime.usp.br/~sotp/" target="_blank">Jorge Sotomayor</a> is a professor in the applied mathematics department of the <a href="http://www.ime.usp.br/" target="_blank">Instituto de Matemática e Estatística</a>.  It is a great opportunity for me to do some research and experience life in Brazil.</p>
<p>Wishing you the best of 2010!</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steven</media:title>
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		<title>Witch and Dinosaur Halloween</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/witch-and-dinosaur-halloween/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/witch-and-dinosaur-halloween/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2009 01:21:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sbroad.wordpress.com/?p=69</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Emily and Aiden collected a trick-or-treating hatrick disguised as a witch and a dinosaur.  They started Sunday at the Lil Zoo Boo at the Potawatomi Zoo.  Then they traversed the Haunted Halls of Saint Mary&#8217;s College on Thursday.  They finished &#8230; <a href="http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/witch-and-dinosaur-halloween/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=69&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Emily and Aiden collected a trick-or-treating hatrick disguised as a witch and a dinosaur.  They started Sunday at the <a href="http://potawatomizoo.org/special-events.asp" target="_blank">Lil Zoo Boo</a> at the <a href="http://potawatomizoo.org/">Potawatomi Zoo</a>.  Then they traversed the Haunted Halls of <a href="http://www.saintmarys.edu" target="_blank">Saint Mary&#8217;s College</a> on Thursday.  They finished the trifecta with a circuit through the neighborhood on Saturday.</p>
<p><div id="attachment_72" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 160px"><a href="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/img_1038.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-72" title="Aiden, the T. Rex" src="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/img_1038.jpg?w=150&#038;h=112" alt="Aiden, the T. Rex" width="150" height="112" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Aiden as a T. Rex at the Lil Zoo Boo</p></div><br />
<div id="attachment_71" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 160px"><a href="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/img_1037.jpg"><img src="http://sbroad.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/img_1037.jpg?w=150&#038;h=112" alt="Emily, the witch" title="Emily, the witch" width="150" height="112" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-71" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Emily as a witch at the Lil Zoo Boo</p></div></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steven</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Aiden, the T. Rex</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Emily, the witch</media:title>
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		<title>Publication of OCW Course</title>
		<link>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2009/08/31/ocw-course/</link>
		<comments>http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2009/08/31/ocw-course/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 01:08:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Steven Broad</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sbroad.wordpress.com/?p=66</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Professor Alex Himonas&#8216; Elements of Calculus I OpenCourseWare course was published on the Notre Dame OCW site.  I am grateful for the experience of producing the course.  This course is truly &#8220;Calculus for Everyone&#8221; as Prof. Himonas likes to say, &#8230; <a href="http://sbroad.wordpress.com/2009/08/31/ocw-course/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=sbroad.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7798599&amp;post=66&amp;subd=sbroad&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.nd.edu/~mathwww/faculty/himonas.shtml" target="_blank">Professor Alex Himonas</a>&#8216; <a href="http://ocw.nd.edu/mathematics/elements-of-calculus-i" target="_blank">Elements of Calculus I</a> OpenCourseWare course was published on the <a href="http://ocw.nd.edu" target="_blank">Notre Dame OCW</a> site.  I am grateful for the experience of producing the course.  This course is truly &#8220;Calculus for Everyone&#8221; as Prof. Himonas likes to say, and the presentation of this course is rich, interesting and it makes it possible for students anywhere in the world to learn calculus.</p>
<p>This OCW course has received a lot of attention and has been viewed by people in more than 33 countries.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steven</media:title>
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